Sunday, March 11, 2012

Elo Khota theke

Hm ­L¡b¡ ­b­L ?

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j¡¢gu¡ - (MAFIA) j¡¢gu¡ Lb¡¢V p¡d¡lZa …™¡¢j l¡q¡S¡¢e, Q¥¢l ¢Rea¡C ¢h­no L­l ­Q¡l¡Q¡m¡e CaÉ¡¢c Ap¡j¡¢SL L¡SL­jlÑ pw­N k¡l¡ k¤š² a¡­cl­LC "j¡¢gu¡" hm¡ q­u b¡­L z ¢L¿¹¥ j¡¢gu¡ Lb¡¢Vl Evf¢šl pw­N fËQ¢ma A­blÑ ­L¡e ¢jm ­eC z

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në¢Vl fËbj fË­u¡NLaÑ¡ AhnÉ EC¢mu¡j NXÑe z 1788 p¡­m NXÑe B­j¢lL¡l ¢hfÔ­hl ­k C¢aq¡p ­m­Me, ­pC C¢aq¡­pl HL ÙÛ¡­e ¢a¢e h­m­Re ­k 50 hvpl f§­hÑ pÉ¡j¤­um BÉX¡­jl h¡h¡ Hhw ay¡l ¢hnSe pq­k¡N£ ­R¡V HL LL¡p °a¢l L­l ¢R­me ay¡­cl e£¢a Hhw BcnÑ pð­å j¡e¤­ol ¢hnÄ¡p ASÑe Ll¡ Hhw cmi¥š² Ll¡l SeÉ z NXÑe ¢L¿¹¥ hý ­Qø¡ L­lJ H n­ël h¤vf¢š pwNËq Ll­a f¡­le¢e z

L¡l¢gE (CARFEW)-- L¡l¢gE" n­ël pw­N fË¡u Bjl¡ ph¡C f¢l¢Qa z Hl AbÑ påÉ¡ påÉ¡ BCe AbÑ¡v påÉ¡u h¡ l¡¢œ­a ¢e¢cøÑ pj­ul f­l l¡Sf­b ­hl qh¡l ¢hl©­Ü plL¡¢l ¢e­od¡‘¡ z ¢L¿¹¥ në¢Vl j§m AbÑ ­pV¡ ¢Rme¡ z j§m AbÑ ¢Rm - pjÙ¹ B…e Hhw h¡¢a ¢eh¡­e¡l pw­La f§ZÑ O¾V¡ dÆ¢e z

CwmÉ¡­ä fËbj EC¢mu¡j cÉ¡ LwL¡l¡l Hl Bj­m HC ¢h¢d ¢e­o­dl hÉhÙÛ¡ qu z B­NL¡l ¢c­e CwmÉ¡­äl ­h¢nl i¡N h¡¢s ¢R­m¡ L¡­Wl °al£ z L¡­Wl h¡¢s­a pq­S B…e ­m­N ­ka aMe ­a¡ Bl HMeL¡l j­a¡ ¢hcÉ¥v ¢R­m¡ e¡ ­k p¤¤CQ ¢Vf­mC B­m¡ SÆm­h z H­L L¡­Wl h¡¢s a¡l Efl ­j¡jh¡¢a ­L­l¡¢p­el B­m¡­a l¡ee¡O­ll L¡SLjÑ Qma z g­m fË¡unC B…e m¡N¡l OVe¡ OVa z h¡dÉ q­u La«fr CwmÉ­ä påÉ¡ 6V¡l fl ­L¡e h¡¢s­a ­L¡­e¡J i¡­h B­m¡ h¡ B…e SÆ¡m¡­e¡ ¢e­od L­le z ­L¡e pju b­L B…e h¡ B­m¡ SÆ¡m¡­e¡ Qm­he¡ ­pV¡ fË¢a¢ce O¾V¡ h¡¢S­u S¡e¡­e¡ qa z ­pC O¾V¡l e¡j ¢Rm "L¡l¢gE"z

qla¡m- "qla¡m" në¢V H­p­R "g¡l¢p" në "ql" Hhw …Sl¡¢V në "a¡m¤" ¢j­m "ql"j¡­e fË­aÉm Bl "a¡m¤" j¡­e L¥m¤f z fË­aÉL ­c¡L¡­e L¥m¤f ­cJu¡ h¡ hå Ll¡ z hªqv A­bÑ q¡­V h¡S¡­l ­hQ¡­Le¡ hå z 1919 p¡­m N¡å£¢S fËbj l¡S°e¢aL hå A­bÑ "qla¡m" në¢V Q¡m¤ L­le z

djÑOV -djÑOV në¢Vl pw­N S¢s­u B­R A¢a fË¡Q£e djÑ£u Ae¤ø¡e z Smf§ZÑ f¢hœ OV­L p¡j­e ­l­M f¤­l¡¢q­al pwLÒf NËqe k¡ ¢q¾c¥ f§S¡ AQÑe¡l HL¢V AeÉaj °h¢nø HCi¡­h "djÑOV" p¡r£ ­l­L ¢h­no E­ŸnÉ p¡d­el SeÉ pwLÒf ­eJu¡ qa z flhš£Ñ L¡­m HLC E­Ÿ­nÉ ILÉhÜ LjÑ fË­Qø¡l pwL­Òfl pw­N ¢j­n k¡u "djÑOV" në¢V z

huLV -- Bu¡lmÉ¡­äl BjÑ l¡­SÉl S¢jc¡l Q¡o£­cl L¡R ­b­L ­hn£ j¡œ¡u Ll Bc¡u Ll¡l SeÉ ¢e­u¡N L­l ¢R­me -LÉ¡ÃV¡e L¡¢ewqÉ¡j huLV­L (1832-1897) Q¡o£l¡ LÉ¡ÃV¡­el pw­N pq­k¡¢Na¡ Ll¡ c§­l b¡L, Lb¡ hm¡ fkÑ¿¹ hå L­l ¢c­u ¢R­me z "huLV" Ll¡l SeÈ qu HC i¡­hC 1880 p¡­m z

"hÉ¡m­Vl" C¢aLb¡ -- MªøS­eÈl ¢aen hRl B­N NË£L S¥l£l¡ Bc¡m­a ay¡­cl ¢pà¡¿¹ S¡e¡­ae e¤¢s f¡bl h¡ d¡ah h­ml p¡q¡­kÉ z "¢e­c¡oÑ" hm­ae p¡c¡ e¤¢s h¡ hm ¢hQ¡l­Ll L¡­R ­fn L­l z Bl L¡­m¡ e¤¢s h¡ hm L¡­R ­fn Ll­ae A¢ik¤š²­L "­c¡o£" j­e Ll­m aMe ­b­LC "hÔ¡ÉL hm" nëàu Y¥­L k¡u Cwl¡S£ A¢id¡­e z ¢ehÑ¡Q­e ­L¡e fË¡bÑ£l ¢hl¦­Ü ja fËL¡­nl SeÉ hÔÉ¡L hm nëàu hÉhq©a q­a b¡­L Cw­lS£ i¡o¡u z

Hl f­l ­cM¡ k¡u ­i¡Vc¡­e ­j¡j j¡M¡­e¡ L¡­Wl VÉ¡h­mV hÉhq¡l Ll­Re j¡e¤­ol¡, HC VÉ¡h­mV …¢m­L ay¡l¡ hm­ae "VÉ¡h­mV" LM­e¡J LM­e¡J ay¡­cl ­cJu¡ qa ­j¡­jl Efl fË¡bÑ£l e¡j ­M¡c¡C "VÉ¡h­mV" z fR­¾cl fË¡bÑ£l e¡j ­M¡c¡C "VÉ¡h­mV"¢V ­i¡V c¡¢e­a ­g­m Hhw h¡¢L…¢m ­glv ¢c­u ay¡l¡ ­i¡V¡¢dL¡l fË­u¡N Ll­ae z

jdÉk¤­N ¢LR¥ ¢LR¥ p¡j¿¹ a¡¢¿»L l¡­SÉ ­N¡fe ­i¡V fhÑ h¡¢am Ll¡l ­S¡l fË­Qø¡ Qm­mJ - ­i¢ep Hhw ­gÓ¡­l­¾pl ja fËS¡a­¿»l fËhm fË¢ah¡­c ­no fkÑ¿¹ hq¡m£ ­b­L k¡u ­N¡fe ­i¡V fhÑ z ­i¡V c¡e ­k HL Aj§mÉ j¡eh¡¢dL¡l Hhw ­N¡fe£ua¡ l¢ra e¡ q­m ­k ­pC A¢dL¡l MhÑ q­a f¡­l HC ­Qae¡l fËbj h£S¢V hfe L­l¢R­me ­l¡j¡el¡ zaMe ay¡l¡ hÉhq¡l Ll­a öl¦ L­le ¢h¢iæ fË¡bÑ£l p§QL ¢qp¡­h ¢h¢iæ l­Pl ­R¡V ­R¡V hm HC hm …¢m­L Jyl¡ hm­ae "h¡m¡­a¡" k¡ ­b­L ­h¢l­u B­p "hÉ¡mV" në¢V z

phÑfËbj L¡N­Sl "hÉ¡mV" hÉ¡hq¡l L­le L¡¢XÑe¡ml¡ ­f¡f ¢ehÑ¡Q­e z

VÉ¡hm­uX -- Cc¡¢ew "VÉ¡hm­uX" Lb¡¢V A­eL pjuC ­n¡e¡ k¡u z H¢V qm ­R¡V f¡a¡l HL dl­el pwh¡c fœ z Cw­lS£ ¢X¢j¢eE¢Vi ­V¢hm ­b­L "VÉ¡h­mV" Lb¡¢V H­p­R z ¢X¢j¢eE¢Vi qm r¥âa¡ h¡QL në z ­kje ¢mg ­b­L ¢mg­mV" HLC i¡­h Kod ¢q­p­h hÉhq©a VÉ¡h­mV në¢V ­b­L VÉ¡hmm­uX Lb¡¢Vl Evf¢š z

HC dl­Zl pwh¡c f­œl BL¡l qu 30 ­p¢¾V¢jV¡l x 40 ­p¢¾V¢jV¡l haÑj¡e I BL¡l ­h¡T¡­a R¡f¡M¡e¡u p¡C­Sl hc­m öd¤ j¡œ VÉ¡hm­uX Lb¡¢V hÉhq¡l Ll¡ qu z ­l¡j¡e LÉ¡b¢mLl¡ "VÉ¡h­mV" e¡­j HL¢V p¡ç¡¢qL pwh¡c fœ fËL¡n L­l z H­a b­L p¡ÇfË¢aL E­õM­k¡NÉ OVe¡hm£, djÑ, ¢nÒfLm¡ fËi«¢a ¢ho­u B­m¡Qe¡ z HC "VÉ¡hm­uX"¢V fËbj fËL¡¢na qu 1840 MË£ø¡­ë : 1981 - 82 ­a a¡l fËL¡n pwMÉ¡ qu fË¡u cn q¡S¡l z ¢h­c­n HC dl­Zl "VÉ¡hm­uX f¢œL¡ ­hn Se¢fËu z HlLj ¢LR¥ Se¢fËua¡l a¡¢mL¡u l­u­R ­X¢m ¢jll, cÉ p¡e, cÉ ­X¢m ØV¡l fËi«¢a z

¢SepÚ -- BS­Ll ¢c­e p¡l¡ fª¢bh£­aC ph j¡e¤­ol ¢h­no L­l k¤hL - k¤ha£­cl j­dÉ LÉ¡S¥­um ­f¡o¡L q­p­h Se¢fËuaj pñha ¢SepÚ z Lb¡V¡ ¢L¿¹¥ ¢SepÚ fÉ¡­¾Vl eu z ¢SepÚ qm ¢h­no HL dl­Zl VÊ¡ES¡­ll Ry¡V k¡ °al£ qu "­X¢ej" L¡fs ­b­L z gÉ¡pe ¢qp¡­h ¢SepÚ fË¡u 62 hRl f¤l¡­e¡, ¢Se­pl pª¢ø a¡lJ hý B­N z 1935 - H ¢hMÉ¡a "­i¡N" f¢œL¡u e£m l­Pl ¢SepÚ f¢l¢qa¡ HL j­X­ml R¢h h¡l qu z ¢SepÚ ­pC ­b­L gÉ¡ne ¢q­p­h fËQ¢ma qu z ¢L¿¹¥ 1850 h¡ a¡l f­ll ¢c­L Ca¡¢ml ­S­e¡u¡u HC dl­Zl ­V„V¡Cm Evf¡¢ca qa z HC ­S­e¡u¡­L é¡­¾pl hue¢nÒf£l¡ hm­ae "­S­ep " a¡C ­b­L ¢SepÚ z ­n¡e¡ k¡u H pju e¡¢L "¢m­hË¡" ¢mi¡lf¤m g¡­jÑJ ¢SepÚ Evf¡¢ca qa k¡ ­p pju ¢hË­V­e f¢l­du ¢q­p­h hÉhq©a qa z

Fe¢hwn na¡­ël j¡T¡j¡¢T pju qW¡p ­n¡e¡ ­Nm LÉ¡¢m­g¡¢eÑu¡u e¡¢L ­p¡e¡ f¡Ju¡ k¡­µR z qW¡v hs­m¡L qJu¡l Bn¡u hý ­m¡L ­p¡e¡ My¥S­a ­m­N fs­me z ¢L¿¹¥ ay¡l¡ ­k fÉ¡¾V fs­ae M¢e­a L¡S Ll­a Ll­a a¡ pq­SC ¢R­s ­ka z M¢e nË¢jLl¡ a¡­cl HC pjpÉ¡l Lb¡ S¡e¡­me ¢mi¡C Ù»¡Ep e¡­j HL ay¡h¤ plhl¡qL¡l£­L z 1849 MË£ø¡­ë ¢mi¡C Ù»¡Ep M¤h jSh¤a ay¡h¤l L¡fs ­b­L °al£ Ll­me fËbj ¢SepÚ z M¢e nË¢jL­cl M¤h j­e dlm z

HMe ­kje e¡e¡ l­Pl ¢S¢ep f¡Ju¡ k¡u aMe a¡ qa öd¤ e£m L¡f­sl z 1860 p¡­m Ù»¡Ep HC VÊ¡ES¡l ay¡h¤l L¡f­sl f¢lh­aÑ elj "­X¢ej" L¡f­s °al£ Ll­me z HC ­X¢ej L¡fs fËbj °al£ qu é¡­¾pl ¢ejp-H z HC L¡fs­L B­j¢lL¡el¡ hma "Sarge de Nimas" z ­pC ­b­LC e¡j qu "­X¢ej " z

fË¡b¢jL pjpÉ¡ ­a¡ ¢jVm, ¢L¿¹¥ ­cM¡ ¢cm B­lL pjpÉ¡ z M¢e­a JW¡ e¡j¡ L¢l­a ¢N­u h¡ ¢Se­pÚl f­L­V k¿»f¡¢a hqe L¢l­a ¢N­u f­LV …­m¡ fË¡uC ¢R­s ­ka z H pjpÉ¡l J pj¡d¡e Ll­me Ù»¡Ep z 1873 f­L­Vl ­pm¡C­ul Efl ¢a¢e m¡N¡­me a¡j¡l ¢l­iV z f­LV ¢Rysm e¡ z

I dl­el a¡j¡l ¢l­iV ¢L¿¹¥ BS Bl ¢Se­pÚ ­cM¡ k¡u e¡ z 1937 fkÑ¿¹ HC ¢l­iV h¡hq¡l Q¡m¤ ¢Rm z 1935 H "­i¡N" H ­pC R¢h¢V R¡f¡ qJu¡l fl ¢SepÚ B­j¢lL¡u Ha Se¢fËu qu ­k B­j¢lL¡l ú¥­ml h¡µQ¡l¡J ¢SepÚ f­l ­ka z ¢L¿¹¥ ¢SepÚ Hl ¢fR­el f­L­V a¡j¡l ¢l­iV b¡L¡l g­m a¡ ¢fR­el ­h­’ Hje BQ­sl c¡N ­gma k¡ ¢Rm H­Lh¡­l ­jl¡j­al A­k¡NÉ z ­pC ­b­L ¢Se­p Lf¡l ¢l­i­Vl gÉ¡ne hå q­u k¡u z HLcm ­m¡­Ll pjpÉ¡ pj¡d¡e Ll­a ¢N­u ­k ¢Se­pl pª¢ø a¡ BS ­Lje L­l ¢hnÄhÉ¡f£ gÉ¡n¡­e f¢lZa qm i¡h­aC Ah¡L m¡­N z

py¡af¡­L hy¡d¡ - ¢h­u­a p¡a f¡L ­O¡l¡l E­ŸnÉ ¢L ? ¢h­u­a e¡e¡ dl­el djÑ£u Ae¤ù¡­e pw­‰ l­u­R Be¾c SeL e¡e¡e dl­el Ù»£-BQ¡l ¢q¾c¥­cl ¢h­u­a Ù»£ BQ¡­ll fË¡c¡eÉ hl J L­el öicª¢ØVl B­N L­e­L h­ll Qa¥¢cÑ­L p¡ah¡l ­O¡l¡­e¡ qu z H¢V Ù»£ BQ¡l djÑ£u ­L¡e Ae¤ù¡e eu z HC fËb¡ H­p­R fË¡Q£e L¡­ml HL fËb¡ ­b­L z fËQ£e L¡­m Nªq­ÙÛl h¡¢s­a j¤¢e G¢o …l¦ fËj¤M ¢h¢nù A¢a¢b H­m h¡¢sl Lœ£Ñ ay¡l Qle fËr¡me Ll­ae A¢a¢b­L fËc¢re L­l z Hi¡­hC pj¡cl Ll¡ qa A¢a¢b­L z HC fËb¡ Ahmðe L­lC fË¡Q£e L¡­m L­e h­ll Qa¥¢cÑ­L p¡a h¡l f¢lœ²j¡ Ll­a Ll­a Smf§ZÑ f¡œ ­b­L ¢c­u ¢c­u a¡l f¡ ­dy¡u¡­aez k¢cJ Hph fËQme HMeL¡l pj­u m¤ç q­u­R z HMe öd¤ L­e­L p¡ah¡l h­ll Qa¥¢cÑ­L ­O¡l¡­e¡ qu z

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